A second version of futurism may be referred to as “modified futurism.” It does not interpret as literally as the popular view and does not hold as strictly that the visions represent the chronological sequence of future history. In particular, this version can affirm that the church is true Israel and that there will be no “pretribulation rapture.” Rather, Christians will pass through the final period of trial. Some of these commentators hold that 4:1–8:1 covers the period from Christ’s resurrection up to the end of history, while 8:2–22:5 is still taken to pertain only to the future final tribulation and succeeding events. Another form of modified futurism maintains that the seals, trumpets, and bowls all represent the same successive time periods (as some idealists hold), but also that they refer only to the future period of tribulation.12 Such versions of modified futurism are more viable than the strict form, but even these encounter significant problems The book of Revelation