The first noun παιδεία is used of the “rearing of a child,” “education, or training.”4 In the LXX it occurs 115 times and in the canonical books it appears fifty-seven times and translates ten Hebrew words, thirty-five times (mostly in Proverbs) for מוּסָר, which is used of “instruction” whether it be a body of knowledge (Prov 1:2, 7, 8; 4:1; 8:10; 15:32–33; 19:20) or specific content of knowledge (Job 20:3; Ps 50:17 [LXX 49:17]; Prov 24:32; Zeph 3:2, 7). It also refers to “discipline, punishment, correction” (Isa 26:16; 53:5; Jer 2:30; 5:3; 30:14 [LXX 37:14]). In the NT it occurs five times outside the present context. It is used of “instruction” (2 Tim 3:16) and “discipline” (Heb 12:5 [quoting Prov 3:11], 7, 8, 11). In this context it reflects the idea of instruction in connection with correction or discipline of the Lord. In the OT the fathers instructed their children about God’s discipline as illustrated in his dealings with Israel throughout her history.
Ephesians, An exegetical commentary