The idea of the Church as spiritual Israel is seen in other passages. Abraham is called “the father of all who believe” (Rom. 4:11); Abraham is “the father of us all” who “share the faith of Abraham” (Rom. 4:16); “It is men of faith who are the sons of Abraham” (Gal. 3:7); “And if you are Christ’s, then you are Abraham’s offspring, heirs according to promise” (Gal. 3:19). If Abraham is the father of a spiritual people, and if all believers are sons of Abraham, his offspring, then it follows that they are Israel, spiritually speaking. The meaning of millennium: Four Views